The Global Exploration by the European Assignment

The Global Exploration by the European - Assignment Example To this end, factors that motivated Europeans to explore globally were primarily wealth, religious freedom or supremacy, and fame or glory (Newitt 2005, 1402). Explorers who found gold would bring trade and material gain to themselves and their countries. The wealth resulting from this was equated to power, which became a great motivation to explore. Others decided to move to new regions where they could earn a living in friendlier environments. For example, groups of European settlers migrated from the Holland plantations to America where they intended to start farming and better lifestyles. Religion was another factor, whereby the smaller ones in Europe were looked down upon. When members of the smaller religious groups got news of newfound territories, they began moving out to explore the possibility of spreading their religion, getting new followers and gaining supremacy over others. Finally, many explorers were motivated by fame and glory. Kings and queens paid them to discover, map and name new land, hoping to be remembered by it. In conclusion, the three factors that motivated Europeans to explore globally can be summarized as wealth , religion and fame (Newitt 2005, 1409). Absolutism is where the sovereignty of a state is embodied exclusively in the absolute king’s or ruler’s person and not an assembly or nobles. Constitutionalism, on the other hand, limits government by law, implying a balance between the government’s authority and the subjects’ rights. Whether written or not, the constitution governs the nation according to its provisions and protects the freedom of the subjects. The development of absolutism and constitutionalism can be compared and contrasted from the perspective of England, and France (Aboukhadijeh 2013). Â  

Coca-Cola Nepal Essay Example for Free

Coca-Cola Nepal Essay The Marketing, Sales Distribution strategy for Bottlers Nepal Limited is entitled â€Å"Refresh the Marketplace† and includes: A robust Consumer Response System to address any consumer/customer concerns, ideas, suggestions – either on product and its quality or on stock supply – maintenance of equipment etc†¦ All consumer concerns are dealt with in a fair, timely and friendly manner, so as to satisfy them and resolve their concerns. Marketing and advertising communications are focused on POS (point-of-sale), Radio, TV, hoardings, truck backs, etc†¦ Emphasis is also placed on Consumer Price to enforce Price Compliance. Marketing and advertising communications are customized to suit to local sentiments – social, religious, ethnic. Innovative packages and pack sizes are offered to give better value to consumers and ease of storage to retailers. Prices and packs are introduced in a format that is affordable to all segments of society. General Information Population: 27,5 million (28. 9 million as of July 2007 estimate) GDP per capita (purchasing power parity): US$ 1,5 million (estimated and not exact) Location: Kathmandu and Bharatpur Employees: 469 Number of MDCs: 32 Job creation multiplier effect:  ± 10,000 Local operating name: Bottlers Nepal Ltd 2 Bottling Plants Sales Manager- Bottler Nepal Mr. Madhav Kafle is the Deputy Sales Manger of the bottlers Nepal. He has been with the bottlers Nepal since 1998 he joined bottlers Nepal as a sales officer and then he was promoted to the Sales Executive and later promoted to Area Sales Manager. Qualification: Masters in Arts. Number of years with Bottlers Nepal: 10 years Territory: Katmandu (which is the largest territory and the highest sales generating territory) Key Responsibility: Forecasting sales plan / preparing sales budget Sales forecasting is done looking at the past trends. He normally takes in account the sales volume of past 3 years, activity in the market and then set the target. He considers the average growth in the sales volume and then tentatively adds 5% to 10% to the previous year’s growth and fixes the target for the year. He also consults the existing sales force for their valuable inputs in order to make the forecasting more accurate and feasible. The territory sales forecast is done according to the capacity of the territory and the sales force capability i. . some territories grow fast where as some grow slow, these factors are kept in mind while forecasting the sales target for the particular territory. The sales forecast for a particular territory is also based on the individual sales officer. He also decides on the amount of the promotional support need in order to meet the target sales. He does this by looking back to the amount of post sales support and then plans for the pr omotion. While doing this he also keeps in mind the impact on future product sales. Weekly reporting to the country manager His report to the country manager consist of the overall weekly achievement in terms sales volume of his territory and any other major issues if any which need to be addressed to the higher level management. His report is a consolidated report sent by the Area sales manager and it contains the report on the previous week’s achievement and his new plan for the coming week and the month. The plans consist of volume of production for the coming month and sales on the basis of the production. This plan is also forwarded to all the departments’ viz. arketing and production so that the departments can plan accordingly. Communication with the other departments He interacts with the production manager on regular basis to decide on the volume of production. He also works together with the Marketing Manager in order to come up with promotion for pushing sales and to develop marketing strategies for future sales target. Area sales survey for a particular area is done by the market ing department. Suggestion is taken from the marketing department before formulation of the sales plan for a particular territory. Hiring and selection of Sales force: Sales manager is responsible for hiring salespeople with the appropriate skills and backgrounds to implement the sales strategy. Good sources must be found for new hires, and those who are weak in these areas are carefully screened out. The normally advertise through newspaper. The other sources of candidates are references of current employees. The Applications and the CVs received are first collected by the Human Resource Department and then full scrutinized it. The short listed candidates are then invited for a written test. The further short listed candidates are invited for an interview with the sales Manager and the Human Resource Manager. The selected candidates are called for the training. Training Sales Force: In addition to hiring qualified people, salespeople’s competencies are usually developed through training before they are sent into the field. He identifies the training needs of the individual sales person and then informs about it to the Human Resource department. The Human Resource department in turn coordinates with the trainer. They are given 1 to 1 and half months training depending upon the sales person. Sales managers are responsible for making sure that training is completed, and they often conduct some of the classes. Most initial training programs are designed to familiarize salespeople with the company’s products, services, and operating procedures, with some time devoted to development of selling skills. Because sales training is expensive, the sales manager is responsible for selecting the most cost-effective methods, location, and materials. Training is normally imparted by the trainer form Bangkok. Motivate, Develop and inspires the sales force: Builds and maintains relationships that motivate, guide, and/or reinforce the performance of others toward goal accomplishments. Weekly sales meets are done and those who are the achiever of the highest sales in the territory are appreciated and acknowledge in the meeting. The have a program of the monthly achiever wherein the highest achievers name is put up on the board. If the performance is consistent for couple of months they are given bigger territories. Promotions are performance based. Core Competencies of the Sales Manager Communicate the principles and values of The Company through personal contact with consumers and dignitaries from around the valley in order to further enhance the consumers connection to the brands. Delegate work assignments and tasks to sales representative, providing sufficient direction so desired business outcomes can be achieved. Drives Innovative Sales Improvements: Develops new insights into ideas that result in organizational improvements; promotes a work environment that fosters the development of the sales force and increase the overall sales volume.

Sustainable Land Management in Latin America Essay -- Environment Envi

Sustainable Land Management in Latin America â€Å"The enthusiastic celebration of indigenous skills can be the basis of alternative strategies of development.† – W.M. Adams Introduction The sustainability of land management practices in developing countries is in question currently as a way to address poverty. Yet, this investigation is often done with the assumption that people in developing countries are acting irresponsibly and their behavior must be corrected by more enlightened conservationists from North America , Europe , and northern Asia . An analysis of the history of different land management practices shows that environmental degradation was often the result of colonial disruption of indigenous peoples. In the 1990 book Green Development by W.M. Adams, sustainable development is defined as practices designed to protect the environment and involve communities in making decisions. Land management practices developed by indigenous communities offer the best chance for sustainable development in Latin America today. Pre-Columbian land management practices in Latin America A diversity of cultures flourished in the Caribbean , Central and South America , before European conquistadors arrived, changing and using the land and resources to feed communities, build cities, raise temples, and govern empires. Land management practices were developed to be specific to their regions over the course of thousands of years in human communities. Prescribed burns were used in the pà ¡ramo of Costa Rica to promote desired kinds of vegetation (Horn, 1998). Raised fields created in the swamps of Mexico, Colombia , and Ecuador yielded large harvests (Atkins, Roberts, and Simmons, 1998) (Yapa, 2003). In the Venezuel... ...ly human fire mastery revealed.† BBC News Online. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3670017.stm Shetler, Jan Bender (2004). â€Å"Sugar and the Industrial Era.†Environmental History Lecture. Goshen College . Sluyter, Andrew (2002). Colonialism and Landscape. Lanham , Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Watts , Sheldon (1999). Epidemic and History: Disease, Power and Imperialism. New Haven , Conn. : Yale University Press. Yapa, Kashyapa A. S. (2003, July 1). â€Å"Floodwater Management, The American Way †: Past and Present.† The Diary of a Polit-Eco Tourist. Retrieved November 7, 2004 , from http://kyapa.tripod.com/agengineering/drainage-lowland/drainage.htm Zimmerer, Karl S. And Kenneth R. Young, eds. (1998). Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries. Madison , Wis. : The University of Wisconsin Press. Sustainable Land Management in Latin America Essay -- Environment Envi Sustainable Land Management in Latin America â€Å"The enthusiastic celebration of indigenous skills can be the basis of alternative strategies of development.† – W.M. Adams Introduction The sustainability of land management practices in developing countries is in question currently as a way to address poverty. Yet, this investigation is often done with the assumption that people in developing countries are acting irresponsibly and their behavior must be corrected by more enlightened conservationists from North America , Europe , and northern Asia . An analysis of the history of different land management practices shows that environmental degradation was often the result of colonial disruption of indigenous peoples. In the 1990 book Green Development by W.M. Adams, sustainable development is defined as practices designed to protect the environment and involve communities in making decisions. Land management practices developed by indigenous communities offer the best chance for sustainable development in Latin America today. Pre-Columbian land management practices in Latin America A diversity of cultures flourished in the Caribbean , Central and South America , before European conquistadors arrived, changing and using the land and resources to feed communities, build cities, raise temples, and govern empires. Land management practices were developed to be specific to their regions over the course of thousands of years in human communities. Prescribed burns were used in the pà ¡ramo of Costa Rica to promote desired kinds of vegetation (Horn, 1998). Raised fields created in the swamps of Mexico, Colombia , and Ecuador yielded large harvests (Atkins, Roberts, and Simmons, 1998) (Yapa, 2003). In the Venezuel... ...ly human fire mastery revealed.† BBC News Online. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3670017.stm Shetler, Jan Bender (2004). â€Å"Sugar and the Industrial Era.†Environmental History Lecture. Goshen College . Sluyter, Andrew (2002). Colonialism and Landscape. Lanham , Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Watts , Sheldon (1999). Epidemic and History: Disease, Power and Imperialism. New Haven , Conn. : Yale University Press. Yapa, Kashyapa A. S. (2003, July 1). â€Å"Floodwater Management, The American Way †: Past and Present.† The Diary of a Polit-Eco Tourist. Retrieved November 7, 2004 , from http://kyapa.tripod.com/agengineering/drainage-lowland/drainage.htm Zimmerer, Karl S. And Kenneth R. Young, eds. (1998). Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries. Madison , Wis. : The University of Wisconsin Press.

Cell Phone Before and After

Long time ago, a boy who named Irena and his mother lived in a beautiful village. Irena was 17 years old and his appearance was thought as the gift from the God as he had both gold eyes and hairs that shine like the sunlights. He was curious about the nature and has the potential and perservance to . In addition, is mother flawless face is very small and beautiful with delicate features, and it glows with a soft light from within, like moon. They had a happy family. One day, Irena finished his work and came back to home, and then he found nobody (verb) in the village that was fired. He hide behind the tree, he saw a few man that dressed in black clothes. He was wondering what happened to the village and how could this happen. he was breathing like rest. He did not dare to move, he can only silently look at it. Suddenly he was discovered by a black dress person. (what does this mean? The person stands for what? ) Then many black men run to him and they yelled:†Catch him! Catch him! † Irena heared this voice and run away, he has been running forward, suddenly he stepped on slippery, unexpectedly(what) has reached the edge of the cliff. (what kind of situation? How could the situation be dangerous for him? )situation extremely anxious, he wanted to even death cannot fall to the hands of men, after he jumped off the cliff, the back of the black dress person to see him so fierce, incredibly jumped off the cliff, they would not be chasing him, thought he must be dead. he will never see his mother, but he did not think of another branch saved his life is a tree, when he woke up; he found out himself was in a village. Early in the morning, it woke up from sleep, â€Å"I am not dead! Where is this place? † Irena whispered. At this time an old man went into the room, and the old man said,† you wake up, young man. † He promised to said,† Is you saved me? † The old man said,† yes, you are really have high Crawford . from the high cliff fell off and you are not dead. † The old man asked,† where were you live? † Irena replied:† I live in a small village with my mother. However, when I came home yesterday, I found that caught on fire in the village, and people in the village was gone, I only saw many men( what kind of men and why are those men important)in there, I do not know what they plot. † The old man said:† It was a cult of people, they work for the dragon, the dragon eats one hundred people each year, the black dress person is responsible for the tag, and then offering to the dragon. † Irena said:† these people are really sucks, my mother must be caught by them. † The old man asked:† Do you want to save your mother? † Irena said:† Of course, my mother and I live together since I was a child, she is my only living relative. † The old man asked:† If you want to save your mother, you should follow me to practice fight skill, ()Zas long as you learn to fight skill, you can save your mother, the Irena firmly answer well. Days passed, one day, the old man said the child, â€Å"I had taught all skills for you, the rest will be on your own, before you go, I have something to give you, it is great help to you, after a while, they walked into the house, the old man took out a piece of black cloth wrapped together. † Old man said:†this is a hero to stay on a knife, the hero with the knife to kill the dragon; I believe it will bring you help. † Irena tools the knife and saw a golden light point blank the sky. Early the next morning, Irena went on a journey to save his mother, Irena walked for a half month, he arrived the place that is the dragon lived in. The dragon lived in a cave, Irena went into the cave, and he saw dark inside and felt a little bit cold across from ear. He walks for a long time, finally he saw the dragon, and it is sleeping. A large cage near the dragon, many people were in this cage and his mother also on here. He used knife break the lock, and put out the people. When he saw the dragon, he was stunned. Dragon has long body covered by a scaly skin. They also had a pair of bat like wings, wedge shaped head and long powerful necks.

Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde coursework Essay

In the novel, â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† which was written by Stevenson in 1886, a doctor known as Henry Jekyll is curious to know if it is possible to separate the two sides of human nature, good and evil. In his basement he creates a concoction to try and this is were Mr Hyde is introduced to the story. Jekyll drinks the potion and transforms into Hyde. Hyde is a prime example of pure evil, the complete opposite of Dr Jekyll but later on he is taken over by Hyde and it shows through him wanting to transform again after all of the crimes committed by his dark side. Stevenson’s objective for the novel was to get the reader to realize that nobody is perfect and everybody has a dark side to their personality. The Victorian era started in 1837 and ended in1901. This was how long Queen Victoria ruled for. Society in London was very posh and rich during that era. In the novel Dr Jekyll is one of these rich people. Although London was said to be a civilised place there were actually a few criminals who committed horrific rapes, decapitations and murders. Jack the ripper is one of them. This side of society back then represents Mr Hyde. London back then had dark fogy nights and some rainy nights, identical to the nights described in Jekyll and Hyde. â€Å"nine in the morning, and the first fog of the season†¦ as the cab drew up before the address indicated, the fog lifted a little and showed him a dingy street.† The setting is choosing Mr Utterson’s path. The setting gives a picture that evil is trying to pick out Utterson’s path, luring him into evil. The â€Å"Fog† gives the audience an airy and tense atmosphere. You feel that anything could happen and that evil is lurking somewhere beyond the fog but it is undetectable. Just like Mr Hyde, whatever will happen next is unpredictable. There is also a sense of suspicion as â€Å"the fog lifted a little and showed him a dingy street.† We wonder why the fog shows him a dingy street which is most likely infested with evil beings and we also wonder if Mr Utterson is wandering into a trap and this intensifies the suspence. Evil masterminds aren’t handsome and this shows when Hyde looks into the mirror for the first time for the audience to see. â€Å"He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance, something displeasing, something downright detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He sounds like a hideous monster, deformed and gives the woman a feeling of hatred when she sees him. Most villains look discomforting like the ones in movies. Jekyll on the other hand is the complete opposite, handsome and liked by the women in the novel. This shows the difference between the good and evil in the novel and contributes to Stevenson’s objective of getting the reader to see the difference between good and evil. Hyde’s actions are animalistic and he shows a sign of superhuman strength when he beats Carew so rapidly his cane snaps and Carew dies. This emphasizes his anger towards Carew and this unprovoked attack is so brutal, it makes the made at the window faint from shock. â€Å"†¦and at that Mr Hyde broke out of all bounds and clubbed him to the earth. And next moment, with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim under his foot and hailing down a storm of blows, under which bones were audibly shattered and the body jumped upon the roadway. At the horror of these sights, the maid fainted.† This description shows how relentless Hyde is and he doesn’t hold back his anger and lets loose a barrage of bone shattering blows. It is clear to the audience that he has channelled his anger into his physical strength then unleashes is all on Carew and the fact that Carew is beaten to death further expresses his anger and hatred towards Carew. His actions gives us an insight of what he is physically capable of doing and also makes us wonder if he is a human or a savage beast with intense strength. Back in those times reputation was a key factor to a well known wealthy person’s life and Hyde lives on a dull dingy street whereas Jekyll lives in his humble abode to avoid being found out by Utterson and Enfield. They both are suspicious about Jekyll and want to find him out but they are unsure if they should ruin his reputation, so instead they keep a close eye on him and ask him a few questions. The information they find out they want to keep to themselves because they don’t want to ruin Jekyll’s reputation in case he is innocent. Utterson and his acquaintance Mr Enfield do all they can to identify who Hyde really is. What gets them thinking is when Hyde â€Å"tramples calmly over the little girl† and Utterson wants Hyde to pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 compensation and when he does, they realize that it is signed by Dr Henry Jekyll but they both promise never to talk about the case again, so they don’t let it out into the public. Hyde is able to stay hidden from the two lawyers because of the area he lives in. The area is dirty, dingy, smelly and full of the low classed people. This way Hyde can keep a low profile and high status people won’t voyage into this area and spot Hyde. He blends in with all of the citizens there. The women are poor and very savage and referred to as â€Å"Wild harpies† â€Å"And all the time, as we were pitching it in red hot, we were keeping the women off him as best we could, for they were as wild as harpies† This quote emphasizes the violent side to these women. They have unleashed their dark side, just like Hyde was unleashed from Jekyll and when Hyde gets into trouble, a woman laughs and says he deserves it. This lady shows her dark side and no remorse at this comment towards Mr Hyde. This makes you realize that not only Dr Jekyll has an evil side to his personality. This also makes us realise that everyone has an evil side to their personality. Stevenson presents the evil side of human nature in his novel, however he also captures the good side of human nature and this is shown when Henry Jekyll admits to his own guilt. â€Å"The pleasures which I made haste to seek my disguise were, as I have said, undignified; I would scarce use a harder term. But in the hands of Edward Hyde, they soon began to turn towards monstrous†¦ it was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone, that was guilty. Jekyll was no worse.† Dr Jekyll is admitting to his mistakes and he reveals to us that Hyde was his disguise. He is taking responsibility for unleashing his dark side which is Hyde and refers to his actions as â€Å"undignified†. This shows that there is a good side to every human and he has displayed this through revealing that Hyde was to blame for all of the crimes committed and that Jekyll (his good side) was no worse. Overall Stevenson has shown us that no human is perfect. Everyone has a darker side to their personality. Good and evil is a regular part of human nature. Stevenson makes us realise that we are all capable of doing bad things but all choose not to for a variety of reasons.

Free Essays on The Secret Sharer

The Secret Sharer Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Sharer, is a novella that tells the story of a ship captain who discovers a stow away and harbors him without telling his crewmembers. As the story goes on, the stow away, Leggat, explains that he killed a man and had run away. Although the captain knows that what Leggat did was wrong, he still allows him to share his space. The captain then refers to Leggat as the sharer of his room, the sharer of his clothes, the sharer of his appearance, and in some ways the sharer of his life. The plot of this novella focuses on the psyche of the captain in a way that reveals his need for another dimension to his monotonous life, and he lives this life through the experiences of another man. This story begins with the captain of a ship named the Sephora. When we are introduced to the captain, he is pondering the commands that he has issued to his crew. He doesn’t know much about anyone of them, and wonders if they trust him and if he is doing a fair job of running the ship. He feels to himself that he is doing less than what is expected and is somewhat disappointed in him. While on the poop deck he goes over to raise the ladder and discovers Mr. Leggat at the bottom. He allows him to come on board and gives him clothes and refuge. Leggat explains to him the circumstances surrounding the reasons why he ran away. He had killed a man out of rage on the neighboring ship and had been detained. After three weeks of being locked up he saw an opportunity to escape and did so. He was swimming in the ocean for quite sometime before he saw the lights of the Sephora and swam towards it, which ended him up where he was at the moment. The captain still hid Leggat. He looked at him as his twin, someone that could resemble him physically and someone whom he shared a special bond with. The captain of the neighboring ship came over, looking slightly distraught, to ask a few questions concerning Leggat. The capt... Free Essays on The Secret Sharer Free Essays on The Secret Sharer The Secret Sharer Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Sharer, is a novella that tells the story of a ship captain who discovers a stow away and harbors him without telling his crewmembers. As the story goes on, the stow away, Leggat, explains that he killed a man and had run away. Although the captain knows that what Leggat did was wrong, he still allows him to share his space. The captain then refers to Leggat as the sharer of his room, the sharer of his clothes, the sharer of his appearance, and in some ways the sharer of his life. The plot of this novella focuses on the psyche of the captain in a way that reveals his need for another dimension to his monotonous life, and he lives this life through the experiences of another man. This story begins with the captain of a ship named the Sephora. When we are introduced to the captain, he is pondering the commands that he has issued to his crew. He doesn’t know much about anyone of them, and wonders if they trust him and if he is doing a fair job of running the ship. He feels to himself that he is doing less than what is expected and is somewhat disappointed in him. While on the poop deck he goes over to raise the ladder and discovers Mr. Leggat at the bottom. He allows him to come on board and gives him clothes and refuge. Leggat explains to him the circumstances surrounding the reasons why he ran away. He had killed a man out of rage on the neighboring ship and had been detained. After three weeks of being locked up he saw an opportunity to escape and did so. He was swimming in the ocean for quite sometime before he saw the lights of the Sephora and swam towards it, which ended him up where he was at the moment. The captain still hid Leggat. He looked at him as his twin, someone that could resemble him physically and someone whom he shared a special bond with. The captain of the neighboring ship came over, looking slightly distraught, to ask a few questions concerning Leggat. The capt...

Cass Gilbert - Architect of Skyscrapers and Capitols

Cass Gilbert - Architect of Skyscrapers and Capitols American architect Cass Gilbert (born November 24, 1859 in Zanesville, Ohio) is nationally known for his grand neoclassical design of the US Supreme Court building in Washington, DC. Yet it was Lower Manhattan in New York City on 9/11/01 that drew attention to his iconic Woolworth Building, a 1913 skyscraper that survived the nearby terrorist attacks. These two buildings alone- the US Supreme Court and the Woolworth Building- make Cass Gilbert an important part of American architectural history. Although Cass Gilberts name is rarely mentioned today, he exercised enormous influence on the development of architecture in the United States. Completing his formal education in 1879 at Bostons Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Gilbert was trained to know historic and traditional architectural forms. He apprenticed under Stanford White and the high-profile firm of McKim, Mead and White, yet Gilberts own architecture is his legacy. His genius was in merging modern interiors and technologies of the day with historic exterior architectural styles. His Gothic Revival Woolworth Building was the worlds tallest building in 1913, and it had an indoor swimming pool. Combining modern technologies with historic ideas, Gilbert designed many public buildings, including the state capitols of Minnesota, West Virginia, and Arkansas, spreading neoclassic design into the heartland of America. He was a consulting architect for the iconic George Washington Bridge, still used by New Jersey commuters to cross the Hudson River into New York City. Cass Gilberts success as a designer was due largely to his skill as a businessman and his ability to negotiate and compromise. Inventing the Skyline: The Architecture of Cass Gilbert, edited by Margaret Heilbrun, captures the spirit of a man who spent a lifetime trying to balance these qualities. Essays by four scholars analyze Gilberts major projects, his sketches and watercolors and his contributions as a city planner. Along the way, readers are given an inside look at Gilberts creative processes- and his conflicts and compromises. For example: Originally, Gilbert planned to place womens toilets only on every third floor of the Broadway Chambers Building.Discord erupted when Gilbert refused to use local stone for the Minnesota State Capitol.Gilberts vision for the George Washington Bridge included fountains, sculptures, and granite towers.Gilbert believed that colored terra-cotta was essential in the design of modern skyscrapers.   Gilbert died May 17, 1934 in Brockenhurst, England, yet his architecture continues to be part of the American skyline. The most comprehensive records of Cass Gilberts work are housed at the New-York Historical Society. Some 63,000 drawings, sketches, blueprints and watercolor renderings plus hundreds of letters, specifications, ledgers and personal files document the firms New York practice. In linear footage, the Societys Gilbert collection is about as high as his celebrated Woolworth Building. Selected Projects by Cass Gilbert 1900: Broadway Chambers Building, New York City1902: Essex County Courthouse, Newark, New Jersey1904: Festival Hall and Art Building, St. Louis, Missouri1905: Minnesota State Capitol, St. Paul, Minnesota1907: US Custom House, New York City1913: F.W. Woolworth Company Building, New York City1915: Arkansas State Capitol Building (completed project), Little Rock, Arkansas1917: Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, Ohio1921: Detroit Public Library, Michigan1926: Plans for George Washington Bridge, New York1928: New York Life Insurance Building1932: West Virginia State Capitol, Charleston, West Virginia1935: U.S. Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. Quotes by Cass Gilbert In conducting business (especially for the office) never forget that the greatest danger arises from cocksure pride.Beware of over-confidence; especially in matters of structure.It is only the young and callow and ignorant that admire rashness. Think before you speak. Know your subject. Cass Gilbert in History Although today a new appreciation for architecture based on historic themes has reawakened interest in the work of Cass Gilbert, this was not always the case. By the 1950s, Gilberts name had slipped into obscurity. Modernism, which idealized sleek, unadorned forms without ornamentation, became fashionable and Gilberts buildings were often dismissed or even ridiculed. British architect and critic Dennis Sharp (1933-2010) had this to say: The fairly pedestrian designs created by Gilberts firm did not prevent it from gaining popularity. The majority of buildings the firm designed were gothicized skyscrapers, the most famous of which was the Woolworth Building. Works designed by the firm during the early 1930s were competent Classical buildings which lack the originality of such contemporary Modernists as Frank Lloyd Wright and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.~ Dennis Sharp. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p65. Sources Photo of Woolworth Building on 9/11/01 by Michael Rieger/FEMA News Photo 3949/National Archives; Courtyard of the Cathedral Cloister Monreale Watercolor by Cass Gilbert from Arttoday.com, published with permissionQuotations from Maxims for My Office Organization